Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which kill virus-infected cells are thought to be a
major host defence against viral infections1–11. Here we report the existence of human …

We constructed a plasmid coexpression vector that directs the insertion of a foreign gene of
interest together with the Escherichia coli β-galactosidase (βgal) gene into the thymidine …

Formation of syncytia, with progression to cell death, is a characteristic feature of in vitro
cultures of susceptible cells infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type …

Vaccinia virus, a member of the poxvirus family, is widely used as a mammalian cell
expression vector. Vaccinia virus replicates in the cytoplasm and has its own transcriptional …

HIV-1 strains have diversified extensively through mutation and recombination since their
initial transmission to human beings many decades ago in central Africa. The high error rate …

We synthesized and purified a recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
envelope (Env) glycoprotein, lacking the gp120/gp41 cleavage site as well as the …

VGF, a polypeptide encoded by vaccinia virus, shares amino acid sequence homology and
functional properties with cellular growth factors EGF and TGF-α. The availability of a VGF …

Abstract Background Opportunistic Infections (OIs) and co-infections are the major cause of
deaths amongst HIV infected individuals and this mostly depends upon the risk factors, type …

The discovery that the aetiological agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is
a retro virus, referred to as human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) or …

Background Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection might transmit viremic units into the
public blood supply if only hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing is used for donor …