Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported
as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in hospitals worldwide. The cornerstones of …

Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently
associated with poor prognosis, particularly in high-risk patients. The cornerstones in the …

In the last three decades, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased in incidence and
severity in many countries worldwide. The increase in CDI incidence has been particularly …

Starvation-induced autophagosomes engulf cytosol and/or organelles and deliver them to
lysosomes for degradation, thereby resupplying depleted nutrients. Despite advances in …

Selective macro-autophagy is an intracellular process by which large cytoplasmic materials
are selectively sequestered and degraded in the lysosomes. Substrate selection is mediated …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as a signal for general autophagy.
Both mitochondrial-produced and exogenous ROS induce autophagosome formation …

Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles that proliferate under different physiological
conditions and can form de novo in cells that lack them. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has …

Importance Sleep-related impairment in physicians is an occupational hazard associated
with long and sometimes unpredictable work hours and may contribute to burnout and self …

The generation of biologically active proteins by regulated intramembrane proteolysis is a
highly conserved mechanism in cell signaling. Presenilin-dependent γ-secretase activity is …

Lipid exchange between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and peroxisomes is necessary for
the synthesis and catabolism of lipids, the trafficking of cholesterol, and peroxisome …