3D printing allows the most realistic perception of the surgical anatomy of congenital heart
diseases without the requirement of physical devices such as a computer screen or virtual …

Congenital heart surgery is a technically demanding specialty resulting in a prolonged
training period. With the growing expectation of perfect patient outcomes, there is a need for …

Objectives Cardiac surgery is highly demanding and the ideal teaching method to reach
competency is widely debated. Some studies have shown that surgical trainees can safely …

Background Hands-on surgical simulation has been sought to address training limitations
within congenital heart surgery (CHS). However, there is a need for objective assessment …

Background The monthly in-house Hands-On Surgical Training (HOST) program was
incorporated into the congenital heart surgery (CHS) curriculum for surgical trainees within …

Objective Data supporting the use of hands-on simulation in congenital heart surgery are
promising but primarily qualitative. This study aimed to demonstrate if there was an objective …

Feature Editor's Note––Dr Van Arsdell and colleagues have presented an excellent feature
article on 3-dimensional (3D) printing. They have very nicely summarized the history of 3D …

Background The structure of the valve leaflets and sinuses are crucial in supporting the
proper function of the semilunar valve and ensuring leaflet durability. Therefore, an …

OBJECTIVES With reductions in training time and intraoperative exposure, there is a need
for objective assessments to measure trainee progression. This systematic review focuses …

Abstract Background Three-dimensional (3D) printed models are widely accepted for use in
training of various surgical procedures for congenital heart disease; however, their physical …