More than 90% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) cases are caused by 21-
hydroxylase deficiency. In this study, the CYP21 gene was genotyped in 56 Portuguese …

Background Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening disease characterized by deficient
production of glucocorticoids and/or mineralocorticoids. It is caused by primary or …

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a frequently misdiagnosed type of diabetes,
which is characterized by early onset, autosomal dominant inheritance, and absence of …

Background Postprandial hyperglycemia is one of the biggest challenges in children with
type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ultra-fast-acting aspartic insulin (faster aspart) has a quicker onset of …

Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
(21OHD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by 3 overlapping phenotypes …

Objectives Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PAS) are characterized by the
association of two or more autoimmune diseases (AID) and are classified into four types …

Objective: Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a rare condition in children, and is
potentially life-threatening. The most common cause is congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and …

Obesity has a rising prevalence in children and adolescents, affecting 30% of the paediatric
population in Portugal. Leptin is an important hormone involved in the pathogenesis of …

Introduction: Graves disease is characterized by the existence of autoantibodies directed to
the thyrotropin receptor, which can have a stimulatory/inhibitory action, in women with the …

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is considered a risk factor associated with oral yeast
infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yeast oral carriage (in saliva and …