Changes to ASIA and FACT score items
| At admission | cPT | cPT | After B-SES | After VR | cPT | At discharge | |
| Days after admission (hospital day) | 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 |
| ASIA Motor Score (upper limbs) | |||||||
| Elbow flexors, right/left | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 |
| Wrist extensors, right/left | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 |
| Elbow extensors, right/left | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 |
| Finger flexors, right/left | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 |
| Finger abductors, right/left | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 |
| ASIA Motor Score (lower limbs) | |||||||
| Hip flexors, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Knee extensors, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/1 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 4/4 | 4/4 |
| Ankle dorsiflexors, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Long toe extensors, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Ankle plantar flexors, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| ASIA Sensory Score (light touch) | |||||||
| C2-T8, right/left | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| T9, right/left | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| T10, right/left | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| T11, right/left | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| T12, right/left | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| L1, right/left | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| L2, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0/0 |
| L3, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0/0 |
| L4, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 0/0 |
| L5, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/1 | 0/0 | 1/0 | 0/0 |
| S1, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
| S2-S5, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
| ASIA Sensory Score (pin prick) | |||||||
| C2-T8, right/left | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| T9, right/left | 2/2 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| T10, right/left | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| T11, right/left | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| T12, right/left | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| L1, right/left | 1/0 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| L2, right/left | 1/0 | 0/0 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| L3, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| L4, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| L5, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/0 | 1/0 | 1/0 |
| S1, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/0 |
| S2-S5, right/left | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
| FACT | |||||||
| 1. Ability to sit upright for more than 10 s when grabbing a railing or seat surface using the upper limbs. Yes/no: 1/0 points | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2. Ability to sit upright for more than 10 s without using the upper limbs. Yes/no: 1/0 points | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 3. Ability to grab using either the left or right hand the ankle on the other side and then return to the original position. Yes/no: 1/0 points | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4. Ability to move at least 10 cm to both the right and left side while lifting the bilateral buttocks. Yes/no: 2/0 points | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5. Ability to lift the unilateral buttock from the seat for at least 3 s (bilateral). Bilateral/unilateral/unable: 2/1/0 points | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 6. Ability to lift right or left thigh and remain for at least 3 s with the sole of the foot not touching the ground (bilateral). Bilateral/unilateral/unable: 2/1/0 points | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 7. Ability to lift both the right and left thighs with both feet not touching the ground for at least 3 s. Yes/no: 2/0 points | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 8. Ability to lift buttocks one side at a time and move both forward and backward with the bottom. Yes/no: 3/0 points | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 9. The examiner should touch the seat surface 20 cm posterior to the sacral bone. The examinee should look over their shoulder and say how many fingers the examiner is showing, which should be changed three times at 1 s intervals. Able/unable: 3/0 points | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10. Ability to raise the right or left upper limb (shoulder joint bending) with maximum effort; ability to the ground at the middle position of the adduction/extorsion of the shoulder joint. Yes/no: 3/0 points | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
ASIA, American Spinal Injury Association; B-SES, belt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulation; C, cervical vertebra; cPT, conventional physical therapy; FACT, functional assessment of control of trunk; FIM, functional impedance measure; L, lumbar vertebra; S, sacral spine; T, thoracic vertebra; VR, virtual reality.