Table 1

Review of the case report: leptospirosis with pulmonary haemorrhage

	Arokianathan et al 30	Assimakopoulos et al 31				Kahn et al 32	Liao et al 33	Ludwig et al 34	Cantwell et al 35	Umei et al 36	Jukkkaphop C et al (this case)
Age (year)	30	28	57	80	58	N/A	32	34	39	50	39
Gender	Male	Male	Male	Male	Male	Male	Male	Male	Male	Male	Male
Comorbidity	None	None	None	HT, AF, T2DM, HF	Ulcerative colitis, T2DM	N/A	None	None	Obesity	None	None
Presentation	4 days of myalgia, jaundice	2 days of fever, headache, dyspnoea and haemoptysis	10 days of fever, haemoptysis, jaundice, AKI	2 days of fever, myalgia, haemoptysis and AKI,	4 days of fever, myalgias, non-bloody diarrhoea and AKI	Flu-like symptom	2 days of fever, myalgia and jaundice	7 days of fatigue and vomiting, and presentation with dyspnoea, jaundice and AKI	Fever, myalgia, headache, progressive dyspnoea and AKI	2 days of fever, myalgia and jaundice	5 days of fever, myalgia; 6 hours of dyspnoea and haemoptysis
Haemoptysis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
PaO₂/FiO₂ratio	N/A	210	200	90	150	N/A	163	N/A	131	70	74.2
Treatment	MV MARS	MV	MV RRT	MV RRT	MV RRT	MV RRT	MV	MV Plasmapheresis RRT	MV	MV RRT	MV Plasmapheresis
ECMO Initiate day	VV-ECMO 183 hours	Not done	Not done	Not done	Not done	VA-ECMO 60 hours	VV-ECMO, 1 day and total of 6 days	VV-ECMO, 1 day	VV-ECMO, 2 days after admission, double membrane oxygenator, in parallel	VV-ECMO, 3 days after admission, (day 5 after symptom)	VV-ECMO, 12 hours and total of 8 days
Outcome	Improved	Improved	Improved	Improved	Dead (multiorgan failure)	Improved	Improved	Dead, 29 hours after initial presentation (multiorgan failure)	Improved	Improved	Improved

AF, atrial fibrillation; AKI, acute kidney injury; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HF, heart failure; HT, hypertension; MARS, molecular adsorbent recirculating system; MV, mechanical ventilator;N/A, not available; RRT, renal replacement therapy; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; VA-ECMO, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.