Non-pharmacological interventions delivered to the patient between April and end November 2018
| Non-pharmacological interventions | Brief description of the intervention applied | Month commenced | No of sessions |
| Talking therapy | Participating in talking therapy is used to help people living with dementia through specific difficulties such as anxiety, depression or personal growth.36 | April 2018 | 13 |
| Reality orientation | Reality orientation aims to help people with Alzheimer’s disease to increase their residual cognitive abilities and maintain social interaction using neurosensory stimulation. The main goal is to reorient people to their current place, date and time.12 37 38 | April 2018 | 20 |
| Cognitive training | Cognitive training, also known as cognitive stimulation therapy, uses a structured approach to stimulate and engage with the aim of enhancing residual cognitive abilities and functional skills, preserving implicit memory and uses visual imagery, word association and categorisation tasks as the main treatment.12 39
In this case, puzzle and problem solving, cognitive challenges (with books, pictures, numeric exercises), short-term memory exercises and digital cognitive games were used. | April 2018 | 63 |
| Reminiscence therapy | Reminiscence therapy uses a life review procedure to allow the person with Alzheimer’s disease to actively search for memories from their own life and rebuild their life story, which usually involves construction of a life workbook with personal materials such as photographs, music and pictures, which then provides a memory aid.12
In this case, sessions included use of photos, pictures, music, video, traditional and cultural games, game tools, a memory box and a memory book. | May 2018 | 14 |
| Garden therapy | Garden therapy included planting, potting and maintenance of the garden.10 | May 2018 | 4 |
| Music therapy | Music therapy usually includes listening to songs or music passively or participating with singing or musical instruments.6 9 10 12 40 This patient sang songs at each session. | May 2018 | 18 |
| Art therapy | Art therapy includes visual arts such as painting, colouring, sculpting or viewing art works.40 The patient participated in painting, drawing, personalised artwork and handcrafts. | May 2018 | 7 |
| Validation therapy | Validation therapy is a method intended to validate the perceived reality and emotional experience of an individual.6 37 In this case, the social worker would provide agreement, support, encouragement, empathy, praise and comfort. | June 2018 | 6 |
| Smell therapy | Smell therapy, commonly referred to as aromatherapy, ignites the sense of smell through the diffusion of aromatic oils such as lavender or lemon balm into the environment, or using a skin cream, and has been shown to reduce symptoms of agitation.6 9 | August 2018 | 2 |
| Sensory stimulation | Sensory stimulation involved the use of a sensory bag or board to stimulate the sense of touch. | October 2018 | 1 |
| Total | 148 | ||