Anatomical–clinical correlation of symptoms exhibited by patient with third ventricle (hypothalamic) relapse of cardiac large B-cell lymphoma
| Anatomical structure* | Symptoms |
| Fornix (bilateral tracts) and projections to anterior thalamic nuclear complex and dorsomedial thalamic nucleus | Amnesia: episodic memory loss for verbal and visual information; learning impairment |
| Fornix and anterior thalamic complex | Confabulation |
| Thalamic projections to cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal medial cortex | Apathy, lack of self-initiated action |
| Thalamic projections to orbitofrontal cortex | Pseudobulbar affect, crying spells |
| Fornix tracts | Alexia–agraphia |
| Medial thalamus, anterior hypothalamic cholinergic and GABAergic neurons. Lateral hypothalamic neurons (orexin, melanin-concentrating) | Sleep attacks, alteration of circadian rhythm of wakefulness– sleep |
| Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus | Hyperphagia, alteration of appetite |
| Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, mediobasal hypothalamus (arginine vasopressin) | Diabetes insipidus responsive to desmopressin |
*Nomenclature according to: Swaab DF. The Human Hypothalamus: Basic and Clinical Aspects. Part I: Nuclei of the Human Hypothalamus. Handb Clin Neurol 2003;79:1–597.