PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Andreas Arnholdt Pedersen
AU  - Gitte Nyvang Hartmeyer
AU  - Christen Rune Stensvold
AU  - Raquel Martin-Iguacel
TI  - <em>Strongyloides stercoralis</em> hyperinfection syndrome with cerebral involvement
AID  - 10.1136/bcr-2021-247032
DP  - 2022 Sep 01
TA  - BMJ Case Reports
PG  - e247032
VI  - 15
IP  - 9
4099  - http://casereports.bmj.com/content/15/9/e247032.short
4100  - http://casereports.bmj.com/content/15/9/e247032.full
SO  - BMJ Case Reports2022 Sep 01; 15
AB  - Strongyloidiasis is a disease caused by the intestinal helminth Strongyloides stercoralis. When the immune system of infected individuals is compromised, larvae may migrate from the gastrointestinal tract to other tissues, causing S. stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome, which has a reported mortality of 71%. In this case, we report a patient with S. stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. An elderly South East Asian male tourist presented with pulmonary symptoms, fever and infiltrates on chest X-ray. He later developed symptoms of CNS infection. S. stercoralis larvae were found in a stool sample. Microbiological examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealed S. stercoralis-specific DNA. The patient was treated with oral and rectal ivermectin and albendazole. The condition was complicated by sepsis, bacteraemia and hypereosinophilia. Unfortunately, the patient eventually died from pulmonary oedema and insufficiency. This case highlights the global importance of Strongyloides CNS infection in endemic and non-endemic regions.