PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lotta Gustafsson
AU  - Sunil James
AU  - Yimeng Zhang
AU  - Karunakaran Pradeep Thozhuthumparambil
TI  - Fatal case of delayed-onset haemolytic anaemia after oral artemether–lumefantrine
AID  - 10.1136/bcr-2021-245718
DP  - 2021 Nov 01
TA  - BMJ Case Reports
PG  - e245718
VI  - 14
IP  - 11
4099  - http://casereports.bmj.com/content/14/11/e245718.short
4100  - http://casereports.bmj.com/content/14/11/e245718.full
SO  - BMJ Case Reports2021 Nov 01; 14
AB  - Artemisinin derivatives are used globally in the management of falciparum malaria. Postartemisinin delayed haemolysis (PADH) is a recognised adverse event contributing to severe anaemia. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first recorded fatal case of PADH. A 60-year-old woman presented with two episodes of collapse at home and feeling generally unwell. She had recently been treated for uncomplicated falciparum malaria 1 month prior with artemether 80 mg/lumefantrine 480 mg in Congo. Her results on admission revealed an anaemia (haemoglobin 43 g/L), raised lactate dehydrogenase and positive direct antiglobulin test that suggested an intravascular haemolytic process. She made a capacitous decision to refuse blood products in line with her personal beliefs. Despite best supportive treatment, she did not survive. This case highlights the importance of postartemisinin follow-up and should encourage discussion and careful consideration of its use in the context of lack of access to/patient refusal of blood products.