TY - JOUR T1 - Cardiopulmonary failure as a result of brainstem encephalitis caused by enterovirus D68 JF - BMJ Case Reports JO - BMJ Case Reports DO - 10.1136/bcr-2019-231990 VL - 12 IS - 11 SP - e231990 AU - Naoki Yogo AU - Tomohiko Imamura AU - Yuichiro Muto AU - Katsuki Hirai Y1 - 2019/11/01 UR - http://casereports.bmj.com/content/12/11/e231990.abstract N2 - Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia, and has been reported to cause acute flaccid myelitis. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is known to cause cardiopulmonary failure due to brainstem encephalitis, but there have been few reports of these conditions being associated with EV-D68. Outbreaks of EV-D68 infection have occurred in the USA, Canada, Europe and Asia. Clinical management is largely supportive and there are no specific antivirals available. The case patient, a 4-year-old girl, had cardiopulmonary failure due to brainstem encephalitis. EV-D68 was isolated from a throat swab. On admission, she had cardiopulmonary failure, which required intensive care using a ventilator and inotropic agents. Her cardiac function improved, but she had residual bulbar paralysis and limb weakness, which resolved over a 6-month period. This case confirms that EV-D68, may cause severe illness due to brainstem encephalitis, similar to that caused by EV-A71. ER -