TY - JOUR T1 - Emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis in a renal transplant recipient JF - BMJ Case Reports DO - 10.1136/bcr-2014-205589 VL - 2014 SP - bcr2014205589 AU - Mohammed Mahdi Althaf AU - Mohamed Said Abdelsalam AU - Mohamed Rashwan AU - Quaid Nadri Y1 - 2014/10/15 UR - http://casereports.bmj.com/content/2014/bcr-2014-205589.abstract N2 - A 71-year-old man underwent living non-related renal transplantation 5 months prior to presentation. His family brought him to the emergency room with an altered level of consciousness, high-grade fever, vomiting and lower abdominal pain over a period of 8 days. The cause of end-stage renal disease was unknown and he had been on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis prior to the transplantation. His medical history was significant for hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease. He did not have a history of diabetes mellitus nor did he develop post-transplant diabetes mellitus. Immunosuppressive regimen included mycofenolate mofetil, tacrolimus and prednisone but antibody induction therapy was not employed. He underwent transurethral resection of the prostate 2 months earlier for symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy. A surveillance urine culture within 2 weeks of the procedure was negative. He was on prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and had monthly follow-up appointments in the post-transplant clinic where screening urine cultures are performed every … ER -