Summary

Tension pneumothorax complicating a pneumoperitoneum is a rare but known entity. However, all previously published articles report an air leak through defects in the diaphragm connecting the pneumoperitoneum and the pneumothorax. Here, the case of a 36-year-old man in whom the pneumoperitoneum acted like a tension pneumothorax because of a congenital eventration of the left diaphragm without penetration is presented. Emergency needle decompression of the abdomen was performed. A gastric ulcer that had passed through the diaphragm to the right lung was diagnosed intraoperatively. Unfortunately, the patient developed a ventricular fibrillation that remained resistant to all resuscitative efforts, and the patient died shortly afterwards.