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Haematology
Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome: a uterine fibroid associated with polycythaemia
  1. Faisal Ansari1,
  2. Talal Al Assil2,
  3. Mohammad Omaira3 and
  4. Anna V Hoekstra4
  1. 1Internal Medicine-Pediatrics residency, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
  2. 2Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
  3. 3Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
  4. 4West Michigan Cancer Center, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Faisal Ansari; faisal.ansari{at}wmed.edu

Abstract

Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome (MES) is a rare form of secondary erythrocytosis seen with myomas. Here, we present a case of a postmenopausal, nulliparous woman in her 50s incidentally found to have asymptomatic erythrocytosis on routine laboratory work. She was found to have an 18.5 cm myoma and after surgical resection, the patient’s haematological values returned to normal ranges after a few weeks. This established the diagnosis as MES. The aetiology of MES continues to remain unknown but is most likely caused by an autonomous production of erythropoietin from the myomatous tissue. This case highlights obtaining a detailed history and physical examination to differentiate between the different causes of erythrocytosis, considering MES as a rare cause of secondary erythrocytosis and to prevent unnecessary procedures such as phlebotomy as surgery is the mainstay of treatment.

  • haematology (incl blood transfusion)
  • obstetrics and gynaecology

https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-256927

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors The following authors were responsible for drafting of the text, sourcing and editing of clinical images, investigation results, drawing original diagrams and algorithms, and critical revision for important intellectual content: FA, TAA and MO. The following authors gave final approval of the manuscript: FA, TAA, MO and AVH.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Case reports provide a valuable learning resource for the scientific community and can indicate areas of interest for future research. They should not be used in isolation to guide treatment choices or public health policy.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.