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Intravascular leiomyomatosis with extension to the inferior vena cava

Abstract

Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare benign smooth muscle neoplasm growing within the pelvic venous system, often with caval and intracardiac extension. It frequently coexists with uterine leiomyomas or occurs in women with a history of myomectomy or hysterectomy. IVL is often asymptomatic until intracardiac extension occurs, and carries a risk of sudden death, necessitating timely diagnosis and management. We present a case of IVL diagnosed on hysterectomy specimen with extension to the inferior vena cava found on follow-up imaging. The patient underwent complete resection with multidisciplinary involvement of Gynaecological Oncology and Vascular Surgery and remains disease free following 12 months of follow-up.

  • Gynecological cancer
  • Vascular surgery
  • Ultrasonography
  • Radiology

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