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  • Adar-associated Aicardi Goutières syndrome in a child with bilateral striatal necrosis and recurrent episodes of transaminitis

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Case Reports: Unusual presentation of more common disease/injury
Adar-associated Aicardi Goutières syndrome in a child with bilateral striatal necrosis and recurrent episodes of transaminitis
  1. Ronald van Toorn1,
  2. Magriet van Niekerk1,
  3. Shahida Moosa2,
  4. Pierre Goussard1 and
  5. Regan Solomons1
  1. 1Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  2. 2Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  1. Correspondence to Professor Pierre Goussard; pgouss{at}sun.ac.za

Abstract

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) refers to a group of genetic diseases characterised by severe inflammatory encephalopathy that usually present within the first year of life, resulting in progressive loss of cognition, spasticity, dystonia and motor disability. Pathogenic variants in the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (Adar) enzyme have been linked to AGS type 6 (AGS6, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 615010). In knockout mouse models, loss of Adar activates the interferon (IFN) pathway and causes autoimmune pathogenesis in the brain or liver. Bilateral striatal necrosis (BSN) has previously been reported in case series of children with biallelic pathogenic variants in Adar. We describe a unique, previously unreported case of a child with AGS6, with clinical manifestations of BSN and recurrent transient episodes of transaminitis. The case highlights the importance of Adar in protecting the brain and liver from IFN-induced inflammation. Adar-related disease should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of BSN accompanied by recurrent episodes of transaminitis.

  • Paediatrics
  • Neuro genetics
  • Physiotherapy (rehabilitation)
  • Movement disorders (other than Parkinsons)

https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-252436

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    Footnotes

    • Twitter @shahida_moosa

    • Contributors RVT, MVN, SM, PG and RS were involved in the clinical management and follow-up of this patient. All were equally responsible for writing and editing the manuscript.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Case reports provide a valuable learning resource for the scientific community and can indicate areas of interest for future research. They should not be used in isolation to guide treatment choices or public health policy.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.