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Endocrinology
Heterotopic bone formation with extramedullary haematopoiesis in a thyroid nodule
  1. Jesus García1,
  2. Mauricio Alvarez2,3,
  3. Diana Moreno1 and
  4. Bernarda Acosta1
  1. 1Endrocrinology, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  2. 2Endocrinology, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia
  3. 3Endocrinology, Sanitas International Organization, Bogota, Colombia
  1. Correspondence to Dr Mauricio Alvarez; drmauricioalvareza{at}gmail.com

Abstract

The presence of mature bone and bone marrow in the thyroid gland is an exceedingly rare occurrence. Extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) and heterotopic bone formation (HBF) should be suspected when cytology of thyroid nodules reveals evidence of megakaryocytes or bone marrow fat, respectively. The cause of these abnormalities has not been fully elucidated, but the role of bone morphogenic factors (BMPs) in their pathogenesis has been suggested. Both EMH and HBF can be seen in both benign and malignant primary thyroid conditions, and although they have not been definitively associated with significant pathology, it is recommended that extension studies be considered in the event of these findings to rule out concomitant haematological conditions.

  • Endocrine system
  • Endocrinology
  • Thyroid disease

https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-257200

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors The following authors were responsible for drafting of the text, sourcing and editing of clinical images, investigation of the results, drawing original diagrams and algorithms and critical revision for important intellectual content: DM, JG, MA and BA. The following authors gave final approval of the manuscript: DM, JG, MA and BA.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Case reports provide a valuable learning resource for the scientific community and can indicate areas of interest for future research. They should not be used in isolation to guide treatment choices or public health policy.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.