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Case Reports: Unusual association of diseases/symptoms
Secondary B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in a patient with multiple myeloma
  1. Benjamin Puliafito1,2,
  2. David Oveisi3,
  3. Christina Fanous4 and
  4. Monica El-Masry1,2
  1. 1Hematology and Oncology, VA West Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
  2. 2Hematology and Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
  3. 3Hematology and Oncology, UCLA Medical Center Olive View, Sylmar, California, USA
  4. 4Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Benjamin Puliafito; bpuliafito{at}mednet.ucla.edu

Abstract

Although patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have improved survival with current therapies, there remains a long-term risk of treatment-associated second primary malignancies. We present a case of a patient with IgG kappa MM undergoing treatment for relapsed disease who was noted to have progressive pancytopenia. For his MM, he had previously undergone autologous stem cell transplant with high-dose melphalan and had received immunomodulatory (IMiD) agents in induction, maintenance and relapse regimens. A peripheral blood smear showed abnormal lymphoid cells, and a bone marrow biopsy revealed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). He underwent intensive induction chemotherapy with plans for possible allogeneic stem cell transplant. Secondary B-ALL is a rare occurrence in patients with MM, with exposure to alkylating and IMiD agents being potential risk factors.

  • Oncology
  • Chemotherapy
  • Haematology (incl blood transfusion)
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Pathology

https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-249637

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors BP contributed to the writing of the case report and discussion. DO, CF and ME-M contributed to patient care and the writing of the case report and discussion. All authors accepted responsibility for the finished work and the conduct of the study and controlled the decision to publish.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Case reports provide a valuable learning resource for the scientific community and can indicate areas of interest for future research. They should not be used in isolation to guide treatment choices or public health policy.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.