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  • Paracentral acute middle maculopathy with occlusive retinal vasculitis in presumed intraocular tuberculosis and hyperhomocysteinemia

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Case Reports: Unusual presentation of more common disease/injury
Paracentral acute middle maculopathy with occlusive retinal vasculitis in presumed intraocular tuberculosis and hyperhomocysteinemia
  1. Ramanuj Samanta1,
  2. Mohit Dogra2,
  3. Athul Suresh Puthalath1 and
  4. Gitanjli Sood1
  1. 1Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
  2. 2Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
  1. Correspondence to Dr Ramanuj Samanta; ramanuj.samanta{at}gmail.com

Abstract

A male patient presented with a sudden visual decline in the right eye (OD). Fundus revealed bilateral vasculitis; OD also showed an occluded inferior retinal vein and a wedge-shaped retinal opacification of the inferior macula and nasal retina. Fluorescein angiography revealed occlusive retinal vasculitis, while optical coherence tomography showed paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) in the OD. A thorough systemic evaluation revealed hyperhomocysteinemia and a positive Mantoux test. A diagnosis of PAMM with occlusive retinal vasculitis in presumed intraocular tuberculosis and hyperhomocysteinemia was made. Retinal vasculitis improved with oral corticosteroid, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and laser photocoagulation. However, the patient declined antitubercular therapy despite recommendations. This unique report indicates that PAMM may complicate tubercular retinal vasculitis, especially in the presence of systemic hypercoagulable states.

  • Retina
  • Macula

https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-249327

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    Footnotes

    • Twitter @asputhalath

    • Contributors RS—conception and design of the study, data interpretation, drafting and critical revision of the manuscript, and approval of the final version of the manuscript. MD—design of the study, data interpretation, drafting of the manuscript and approval of the final version of the manuscript. ASP—data acquisition and analysis, drafting of the manuscript and approval of the final version of the manuscript. GS—data acquisition, drafting of the manuscript and approval of the final version of the manuscript.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Case reports provide a valuable learning resource for the scientific community and can indicate areas of interest for future research. They should not be used in isolation to guide treatment choices or public health policy.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.