Abstract

Post-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cerebellitis is very rare complication of infectious mononucleosis and only a few adult cases are reported in literature. We present a 23-year-old patient who was admitted to the neurology service with worsening ataxia, nystagmus and dysarthria, 1 week after infectious mononucleosis. Imaging and cerebrospinal fluid studies were normal, serum studies revealed acute transaminitis and positive EBV viral capsid IgM and IgG. The patient underwent a 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulins with rapid resolution of all his symptoms and was safely discharged home. The pathophysiology of post-EBV cerebellitis involves autoreactive antibodies, rather than a direct viral insult. Antineuronal antibodies might be the result of a mimicry between EBV proteins and neuronal antigens or they can be secreted by the EBV-transformed lymphocytes themselves. Many reports stress the benign, self-limiting nature of this syndrome; however, immunotherapy might de facto decrease the severity and duration of illness.