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Case Reports: Rare disease
HNF1B variant without hyperglycaemia as a cause of isolated profound hypomagnesaemia
  1. Shobitha Vollmer1,
  2. Per Katzman1 and
  3. Magnus Londahl1,2
  1. 1Department of Endocrinology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
  2. 2Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  1. Correspondence to Dr Shobitha Vollmer; Shobitha.Vollmer{at}skane.se

Abstract

A young man presented unconscious with severe hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia and metabolic alkalosis. After 4 months of treatment in hospital, the hypomagnesaemia persisted. The patient had no signs of diabetes mellitus, and radiology showed no abnormalities of the kidneys, pancreas or genitourinary tract. A parenteral magnesium load demonstrated renal wasting with increased fractional urinary excretion of magnesium. Genetic tests for Gitelman as well as Bartter syndromes were negative. However, a wider genetic panel revealed that the patient was heterozygous for a deletion on chromosome band 17q12, encompassing the whole HNF1B gene.

This case highlights the importance of considering pathogenic HNF1B variants in isolated profound hypomagnesaemia caused by renal wasting. Pathogenic HNF1B variants may partly mimic hypomagnesaemia found in Gitelman and Bartter syndromes and may be present without other features linked to HNF1B variants, including diabetes mellitus.

  • Diabetes
  • Genetics
  • Genetic screening / counselling
  • Fluid electrolyte and acid-base disturbances

https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-254274

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors SV and PK drafted the case report. SV, PK and ML revised the case report and approved the final version.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Case reports provide a valuable learning resource for the scientific community and can indicate areas of interest for future research. They should not be used in isolation to guide treatment choices or public health policy.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.