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Summary
Keratinising squamous cell metaplasia (KSCM) is an uncommon diagnosis in the West. Patients typically present with lower urinary tract symptoms: haematuria (visible and non-visible), dysuria, urgency and frequency. Investigation is rigid cystoscopy. Abnormal bladder wall tissue should be resected and biopsies sent for histopathology to confirm KSCM. This is a preneoplastic condition with strong associations with squamous cell carcinoma. Due to a significant lag time, annual cystoscopy with multiple biopsies is recommended.
- urology
- urological surgery
- surgical oncology
- urological cancer
- screening (oncology)
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Footnotes
Contributors AMT: operating surgeon, identification of condition, acquisition of figures, treatment of patient, literature review, gaining patient consent, editorial input on paper. EDG: design of paper, data analysis, literature review, writing of paper, gaining patient consent, editorial input on paper. AA: operating surgeon, identification of condition, acquisition of figures, treatment of patient, literature review, gaining patient consent, editorial input on paper.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent Obtained.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.