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An unusual cause of haemoptysis: isolated tracheobronchial amyloidosis
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  1. K I Zalewska,
  2. A Brown,
  3. D J McKeon
  1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
  1. Correspondence to Dr Kasia Zalewska, kzalewska{at}doctors.net.uk

https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-205118

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    Description

    A 64-year-old woman presented with chest pain, wheeze and haemoptysis. She had a history of previous pulmonary embolism (PE) and Sjögrens syndrome. A chest radiograph was unremarkable. CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) showed no evidence of PE; however, a mass was noted in the left lower lobe extending to the left hilum (figure 1).

    Figure 1
    Figure 1

    The left lower lobe mass seen on CT scan. (A) Soft tissue window. (B) Pulmonary window.

    Bronchoscopic examination demonstrated inflamed, friable mucosa in this area (figure 2) but no endobronchial lesion. Biopsies from this area showed fibrosis and deposition of eosinophilic amorphous material that was positive for Congo Red staining with an apple green birefringence. The deposits stained specifically with antibodies against λ light-chains, confirming the presence of amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis in the bronchial mucosa.

    Figure 2
    Figure 2

    Inflamed, friable mucosa at bronchoscopy.

    Clinical evaluation, serum amyloid P component (SAP) scintigraphy and echocardiography did not show amyloid deposition in other organs, confirming isolated tracheobronchial amyloidosis. Further investigation for monoclonal plasma cell dyscrasia was negative.

    Learning points

    • Pulmonary involvement in amyloidosis is uncommon. Patients may present with haemoptysis, dyspnoea, cough or recurrent pneumonia.

    • Pulmonary amyloidosis appears in four patterns on imaging; parenchymal nodules, interstitial shadowing, tracheobronchial submucosal plaques or intraluminal nodules, which can mimic bronchogenic carcinoma.1

    • Diagnosis of isolated pulmonary amyloidosis requires investigations to exclude systemic amyloidosis.

    • AL amyloid accounts for the majority of cases of pulmonary amyloidosis. AL amyloidosis is associated with monoclonal plasma cell dyscrasia,2 therefore, patients with proven AL amyloidosis should also be evaluated for concurrent multiple myeloma.

    References

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      . Isolated pulmonary amyloidosis: case report and review of the literature. Am J Hematol 2006;81:212–13.
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      . The prognostic value of diagnosing concurrent multiple myeloma in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. Br J Haematol 2013;161:367–37.
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    Footnotes

    • Contributors KIZ, AB and DMM fulfil the criteria: substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

    • Competing interests None.

    • Patient consent Obtained.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.