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Description
An 83-year-old man presented with hypercalcaemia (12.5 mg/dL, reference range 8–10.7 mg/dL) and acute renal failure. On physical examination, the patient was found to have a solid mass behind his left ear (figure 1A). Histopathological examination disclosed squamous cell carcinoma with areas of necrosis. Serum phosphorus level was low (2 mg/dL, reference range 2.7–4.5 mg/dL) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was also low (4.4 pg/mL, reference range 10–65pg/mL), whereas an elevated PTH-related peptide (PTH-rP) level was found (27 pg/mL, reference range 14–25pg/mL). Bone scan disclosed focal uptake in bilateral parietal skull highly suspicious of bone metastases (figure 1B), further assessed with brain MRI (figure 2). Acute renal failure and hypercalcaemia improved with intravenous fluids without need for bisphosphonate administration. No evidence of other primary solid malignancy was found on CT of the chest and abdomen/pelvis. Workup for multiple myeloma was negative. The patient's tumour was deemed inoperable, and not amenable to systemic chemotherapy due to poor performance status; therefore, palliative radiotherapy was initiated.
Learning points
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Distant osseous metastases from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma are rare and the underlying humoral mechanism involves parathyroid hormone-related peptide overproduction by the tumour.1 Intriguingly, low but detectable serum intact parathyroid hormone levels are also involved in the development of humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy.2
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The incidence of metastases increases with lesions >2 cm in width or 4 mm in depth. In such cases, surgical treatment is limited and the usual approach involves radiotherapy or/and platinum-based chemotherapy.3
Footnotes
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Contributors PJV was involved in conception and design; analysis and interpretation; drafting the manuscript for important intellectual content. PJV and RLB were involved in patient treatment. RLB was involved in manuscript revision.
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Competing interests None.
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Patient consent Obtained.
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Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.