Summary

The authors report a case of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in a 75-year-old woman who had received a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) 23 years before. She presented with progressive dyspnoea and recurrent syncope. Even though the patient initially improved after starting supportive and specific treatment for PAH, she then deteriorated and died from respiratory failure 11 months after the diagnosis of PAH. Prompt recognition of such an unusual association between PAH and NF1 and appropriate therapeutic intervention could ameliorate quality of life and prolong survival in this patient population.