Thoracic splenosis masquerading as bronchial cancer

Summary

A 57-year-old woman presented with adhesional small bowel obstruction and required a laparotomy and adhesiolysis. The postoperative period was complicated by pulmonary embolism. In addition, computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiogram also demonstrated several indeterminate pleural based pulmonary nodules suspicious of a primary malignancy. Review of this patient’s past medical history revealed a road traffic collision 29 years previously which required a laparotomy, left nephrectomy, splenectomy, and repair of the left hemi-diaphragm. Radiological surveillance with follow-up chest CT demonstrated stable appearance of the indeterminate nodules, and a diagnosis of thoracic splenosis was considered the most likely explanation of the imaging findings. Thoracic splenosis must be considered in patients presenting with lung nodules and a past history of thoracoabdominal trauma. Radionuclide studies with technetium^99m (Tc^99m) sulfur colloid or Tc^99m heat damaged red cell scans can help confirm or refute this diagnosis and thereby reassure both patient and clinician.