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Published 2 September 2009
Cite this as: BMJ Case Reports 2009 [doi:10.1136/bcr.02.2009.1603]
Copyright © 2009 by the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Unexpected outcome (positive or negative) including adverse drug reactions

Acute liver injury associated with the use of herbal preparations containing glucosamine: three case studies

Aileen Smith, John Dillon

Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Gastroenterology, Wards 5/6, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK

Correspondence to:
Aileen Smith, aileen.smith{at}uhn.on.ca

SUMMARY

The use of complementary and alternative medicines is becoming increasingly popular in Western society. As a result the number of reported adverse reactions is increasing. Glucosamine is a herbal remedy commonly used to ease joint pain in osteoarthritis, and only two previous reports of hepatotoxicity have been published in the scientific literature. The present report describes three patients who developed acute liver injury following exposure to glucosamine; one patient made a complete recovery on cessation of ingestion, the second developed chronic hepatitis and the third died following progression to fulminant hepatic failure. A diagnosis of glucosamine-induced hepatotoxicity was made based on the temporal relationship between onset of liver injury and glucosamine ingestion, exclusion of all other potential aetiologies and, in the two surviving cases, improvement in condition on withdrawal of the supplement.


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